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Dicionário (Inglês) One Look
http://www.onelook.com/

Dicionário (Inglês gírias) Urban dictionary
http://www.urbandictionary.com/

Dicionário (Inglês siglas) Acronym Finder
http://www.acronymfinder.com/

Dicionário (Inglês sinônimos) The saurus
http://thesaurus.com/

Dicionário (Inglês origem das palavras etimologia) Etymology dictionary
http://www.etymonline.com/

Dicionário (Inglês britânico) Linguee
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Dicionário (Inglês Português) Tradukka
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Dicionário (Inglês britânico, corpus) BNC
http://www.natcorp.ox.ac.uk

ABL (NOVO ACORDO ORTOGRÁFICO)
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Dicionário (Português Portugal) Priberam
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Mapa conceitual on-line (Para fazer desenhos esquemáticos)
http://www.text2mindmap.com/

Planejador de aulas em inglês (pago) Quia
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Planejador de aulas em inglês (0800) Hot Potatoes
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Criador de historias em quadrinho (Inglês e Espanhol)
http://www.makebeliefscomix.com/

Planos de aulas Domínio Público
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Planos de Aula uol
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Planos de Aula Portal do Professor
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Planos de Aula Rived
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Planos de Aula (Inglês)
http://www.englishpage.com/

Planos de Aula (Inglês)
http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/learningenglish

Planos de Aula (Inglês)
http://www.onestopenglish.com/

Introduction to Noun Phrases

The internal Structure of Noun Phrases
NNP (det) (AP) N(-pl) (PrepP)

The NP can be expanded:

•as a noun with plural inflection: books, children
•as a noun with up to three determiners: all his other money
•as a noun with a preceding adjective phrase: a very blue sky
•as a noun with various combinations of the above options: the famous city of New York

The determiner slot can take up to three words:
All the other my other two the first four

Notes:

AP= adjective phrase
Det = determiner
NP= noun phrase
PrepP= prepositional phrase
-pl= plural

Noun Phrases function in one of three ways in English: as subjects, as objects, and as predicates.

1- Noun phrases function as objects:

Direct object – Jim read a book.
Indirect object – Sara gave me some flowers.
Objects of prepositions – Sam lives in a big house.

2- NP as predicates

A] Predicate of subjects - when they occur after a copular verb.
Subject noun predicate – Jane is a teacher.

B] Predicate of objects - when an object noun phrase is expanded to include an object noun predicate:
Object noun predicate – We elected Sam treasurer.
The determiner slot consists of three subcategories:

1. predeterminers - (words like all and both)

2. core determiners - (articles like a and the, demonstratives like this and that, and possessives like my and his)

3. postdeterminers - (quantifiers like three and comparative reference terms like other, both of which may occur in either order)

Determiners are modifiers of nouns.

« There are some determiners that occur only with singular count nouns like a, one, another ;
« Many determiners that occur only with plural count nouns: these, those, many, both, two, three, and so on.
« A few determiners occur only with uncountable nouns: much, (a) little;
«Some determiners occur with either plural nouns or uncountable nouns: some, all, no, other.
« The optional prepositional phrase accounts for those prepositional phrases that cannot have a predicate relationship with the head noun (eg. A man of honor, the city of Chicago, two pounds of sugar, etc.)


Noun Phrases function as predicates of subjects when they occur after a copular verb. They function as predicates of objects when an object noun phrase is expanded to include an object noun predicate:


Subject noun predicate – Jan is a teacher.
Object noun predicate – We elected Sam treasurer.

From: Celce-Murcia, M & Larsen-Freeman, D. The Grammar Book. Heinle & Heile Publishers, 1999.

Travelling by train 

Travelling by train has many advantages. First of all, there are no stressful traffic jams, and trains are fast and comfortable. Also, you can use the time in different ways. For example, you can just sit and read, or watch the world go by. You can work, or you can have a meal or a snack in the buffet car.

Travelling by train also has some disadvantages. It is expensive and the trains are sometimes crowded and delayed. You have to travel at certain times and trains cannot take you door to door. You need a bus or a taxi to take you to the railway station.

I prefer travelling by train to travelling by car. I feel more relaxed when I reach my destination.

THE PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

FORM

To form the present continuous, use be+present participle (-ing) of the main verb:


I am (I´m) working. I am not (I´m not) working
You are (You´re) working You are not (You aren´t) working
She/He/It (She´s,He´s,It´s) working He/She/It is not (isn´t) working
We are (We´re)working We are not (aren´t) working
They are (They´re) working They are not (aren´t) working


Am I working?
Are you working?
Is he/she/it working?
Are we working?
Are they working?

The present perfect

FORM

The present perfect is formed with a present form of have (i.e., has or have) and a past participle of the main verb. It occurs qith a time epression of duration, e.g., for six years, since 1999, over the last six months, and so on.


MEANING

They have lived in Chicago since 1976.
My father has been a Cubs fan for over 30 years.
I have loved her since the day I first saw her.
She has worked for that company for 15 years.

Expresses a situation that started in the past and continues to the present.

MEANING

The Japanese climbers have reached the peak of Mount Everest.
Her plane has arrived.
Alan has recently written an article on that very subject.
She has just drawn a circle on the board.

Expresses a recently completed action.


He has read all Shakespeare´s plays.
John Le Carré has written a new novel.
I have already seen that movie.

Expresses an action that occurred at an unspecified time and has current relevance.


The value of his house has doubled over the past two years.
He has grown over two inches in the past six months.
His condition has improved considerably in the last three days.


Describes an action that occurred over a period of time that is complete at the time of speaking.

Past continuos

I-Choose the correct form of the verbs.

THOMAS EDISON (1) started/was starting work on the railway when he was twelve, selling newspapers and snacks. There were long periods with nothing for him to do so he (2) build/was building himself a little laboratory in the luggage van where he could carry out experiments when he (3) didn´t sell/wasn´t selling things to passengers. Another way that he (4) occupied/was occupying himself was by reading. He joined a library and (5) read/was reading every single book in it. One day, when he (6) waited/was waiting at a station he (7) noticed/was noticing a small boy who (8) played/was playing by the track, unaware that a train (9) approached/was approaching. Edison (10) ran/was running out and (11) grabbed/was grabbing the child just in time. The child´s father was so grateful that he (12) offered/was offering to teach Edison to be a telegraph operator. Edison accepted the offer and soon he (13) has/was having regular lessons. After a year, he was good enough to get a job in the telegraph office. He continued to read and experiment, whenever he (14) had/was having time. At twenty-one he (15) left/was leaving the telegraph office to devote all his time to being an inventor. He (16) went/was going on to invent the electric light bulb, the phonograph and the movie camera.

II- Compete the following paragraphs with suitable verbs. Use either the simple past or the past continuous.

A John Blake was born in London in 1969. He (1) went to work in France when he was nineteen. While he (2) ………………………………..in a restaurant in Paris, he (3)…………..

Luisa, an Italian student. He (4)…………………………………..her to marry him, but she wouldn´t. Heartbroken, he (5)……………………………to England. Three years later, John (6) ………………………………along a street in London when he (7)………………………………….Luisa.

She (8)……………………………………….London with a friend called Maria. When John and Maria (9)…………………………………., they fell in love at first sight, and got married the following year.

B I had a terrible time last Saturday. It was rather cold, but quite sunny, so after lunch I (1) walked into town. I (2)……………………..to buy a pullover. I (3)……………………

In the window of a clothes shop when someone (4) …………………………..my wallet. While I (5)…………………………………………home, it (6)………………………………..to rain and I arrived home cold and miserable. I (7)…………………………………………to have a hot bath. I (8)…………………………………ready to have my bath when the doorbell (9)……………………….

It was a salesman and it took me several minutes to get rid of him. Unfortunately, all the time he (10) he……………………………… to me the water (11)…...............................

You can imagine the state of the bathroom!

Progressive aspect

I.Explain the meaning of the progressive aspect in:

“I was hoping you could lend me $10 tomorrow.”

II-Explain the difference creating an appropriate context for each.

(a) She has interviewed a 100 women/She interviewed a 100 women.

(b) I have been teaching for 25 years/I have taught for 25 years.

III-Provide original sentences to illustrate the following terms.

(a) Present perfect continuous………………………………………………..

(b) Temporary situation……………………………………………………………

(c) Timeless present………………………………………………………………….

(d) Habitual past………………………………………………………………………..

IV-Why are the following sentences ungrammatical?

(a) Are you studying French for long?

(b) Mary lived in this same house since she was a girl.

V- Explain why the forms which are underlined in the excerpts below were used.

(a) I love traveling in the country, but I don´t like losing my way. I went on excursion recently, but my trip took me longer than I expected.

(b) My friend Herbert has always been fat, but things got so badly recently that he decided to go on a diet.

(c) At last firemen have put out a big fire in California.

(d) Geoffrey Hampden has a large circle of friends and is very popular at parties.

(e) The Hatfield Puffin is a modern airplane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground.

VI-Choose the right form.

(a) Oh, dear. What can we do? I´m sure something dreadful (1) has happened/happened: (2) we´ve been waiting/we waited over an hour and he (3) hasn´t phoned/hasn´t been phoning yet.

Africa braces itself for new plague

Tim Redford

Science correspondent

The rains which have just brought hope to the starving in Africa have also triggered a new menace – the biggest plague of locusts in three decades.

          Experts who have been with the Food and Agriculture Organisation in Mali for years were amazed by the size of one swarm measuring 75 by 16 miles. Such a swarm could contain 150 billion insects, between them eating 300,000 tons of fresh vegetation every day. And there are other swarms.

         Giant swarms have also been reported in Cape Verde and Burkina Faso. In Botswana, according to the FAO, locusts have covered between one and two million acres. There have also been reports of a rapid spread of desert locusts in Guinea, Senegal, Mauritania, and Niger, and in Libya, Egypt and Saudi Arabia.

         The last major outbreak of locusts was in 1963. ´There are areas to which they retreat in very dry weather, and enough survive so that once it starts raining and raining widely there is suddenly perhaps a 500 per cent rise in population, through a generation, which takes a month.´

         Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria have carried out spraying of both juvenile and adult locusts this year. Other countries are waiting until international meetings have been held in two months´time before making definite plans on how to confront the crisis. However, governments cannot wait until the locust swarms have eaten their crops – that would spell economic disaster.

1.     (a) Were the rains recent or a long time ago?

(b) Which adverb can replace just?

2.    Is their employment with the FAO at an end?

3.    When exactly were these reports received?

4.    (a) Does have been held refer to an action in the present, past or future?

(b) Do we know exactly when the locusts will eat the crops?

UERJ/FFP

LÍNGUA INGLESA II

VERA LUCIA T. DA SILVA

Write the uses of the present perfect simple in the table.

 indefinite future period       indefinite past    definite future period   

 past-present period: unfinished              recent action   

Example sentence	Use	Timeline
1. The rains have brought hope to the starving in Africa.
2. Giant swarms of locusts have been reported in Cape Verde.
3. Experts who have been with the FAO in Mali for years were amazed by the size of one swarm
4.Other countries are waiting until international meetings have been held in two months time
5. Governments cannot wait until locust swarms have eaten their crops.

Choose the correct answer:

1.   (a)The rains have just brought hope to the starving of Africa.

(b) The rains just brought hope to the starving but no solution.

      Which adverbs can replace just in (a), and in (b)?

2.   (a) Giant swarms of locusts have been reported in Cape Verde.

(b) Giant swarms of locusts were reported in Cape Verde.

    To which sentence can the words two days ago be added?

3.   (a) Experts who have been with the FAO for years were amazed.

(b) Experts who were with the FAO for years were amazed.

      Are the experts still working for the FAO in (a), in (b)?

4.   (a) Other countries are waiting until international meetings have been held in two months time.

(b) Other countries are waiting until international meetings are held in two months time.

     Are these countries waiting until the meetings are over or until they begin in (a), 

     in (b)?

5.   (a) Other countries are waiting until international meetings have finished.

(b) Other countries are waiting until international meetings finish.

        Which sentence emphasizes the completion of event?

Placement test

I-Complete the text with the present simple or continuous form of the verb in brackets. If both forms are possible, write both.

Every year thousands of children (a) (go)…………………..to the doctor because of back pain, and in fact, this kind of problem (b) (rapidly become)…………………………….one of the most common childhood complaints. And what exactly (c) (cause)……………………………this outbreak of back strain and muscle fatigue? It (d) (seem)………………………………….that even quite young children (e) (take)…………………………………….more  and more to school – not just books, but also clothes and game players – and their backpacks (f) (simply weigh) …………………………………….too much. ‘Some kids (g) (carry) …………………………………………more than 25% of their bodyweight in a bag that has a nice cartoon character on the bag, but which (h) (actually give)……………………

Them serious backache,’ reported Dr Elaine Sachs, a GP in North London. ‘Most parents (i) (simply not realize) …………………………………….what (j) (happen)…………………………………….to their children.’

II-Complete the sentence with the present perfect simple or past simple for of the verb in brackets.

1.      Ian McEwan is a British writer who, according to many critics, (write) ………………………some of the best novels of recent years.

2.     Born in 1948, he (spend) …………………………….much of his childhood abroad ss his father was an army officer.

3.     He (study)…………………………………………English literature and creative writing at the universities of Sussex and East Anglia.

4.     He (write)……………………………………………..a number of successful collections of short stories and novels.

5.     His novel The Child in Time (win) ………………………………………..the Whitbread Novel Award in 1987.

6.     His later novels, including Amsterdam, Atonement and Saturday, (be)……………………………... very successful.

7.     Amsterdam (receive)…………………………………….the Booker Prize in 1998.

8.     Atonenment and Saturday (also win) ……………………………………….literary prizes.

III- Complete the sentence using a suitable form of the verb in brackets:

a.     ‘What exactly ………………………………………..when you saw the smoke?’ ‘I pressed the fire alarm.’ (do)

b.     By the time we get to the stadium, the match ……………………………………………….(start)

c.     ‘How long ………………………………………………………here for?’ ‘I don´t know. I haven´t decided yet.’ (stay)

d.     Jackson ……………………………………(the Nobel Prize, but says she is still hoping for recognition. (win)

e.     If you happen to see any one in the garden, don´t worry. It …………………………..the gardener (b)

f.     ‘I´m sorry to be late. I hope you ………………………….long. (wait)

g.     Ana didn´t understand why the mysterious stranger ………………………………….her such a letter. (send)

h.     Tom sends his apologies but he ………………………………………..a few minutes late (be)

i.      I don´t like this bed. It ………………………………….uncomfortable (feel)

j.      There …………………………………………..a strike this morning, but it has been cancelled. (be)

SUMMARY TABLE

FUTURE TIME CLAUSES    INSTRUCTIONS    SPORTS COMMENTARY-RAPID ACTIONS    SCIENTIFIC FACTS    REPORTING VERBS:RECENT

PAST     NEWSPAPER HEADLINES: PAST EVENTS   PERMANENT SITUATIONS   JOKES   HABITS/ROUTINES  FICTIONAL PLOTS   PERSONAL TIMETABLE/SCHEDULE   NEWSPAPER HEADLINES PRESENT EVENTS OF SHORT DURATION PUBLIC TIMETABLE/SCHEDULE

Example sentence:  

1. I usually go to my parents´ house                          

2.You press the eject button and then…

3.There´s a slow train that leaves at 10.00.

4.The Earth travels at about 107.000km an hour
5.Josceline lives in London with her husband.

6.Baker plays it up the line for Tolmey

7.a) Australia mourns

   b)Two boys die on mountain

8.a) Peter tells me…

   b) …you start your holidays on Saturday.

9. I´ll definitely send one as soon as I arrive

10. There´s this man in a swimming pool and he goes to the top of the diving   

      board.

Simple present

Look at the following examples o f the present simple tense and answer the questions:

1. Complete the dialogue:

                            John: _________usually

                                  _____at  Christmas?

                            Dave: I normally go to my

                            parents´ house.

                            2. Is Dave talking about

                            (i)one specific Christmas

                            (ii)Christmas holidays in general?

2. What is the missing word?                               

A: Excuse me. I wonder if you can help me.                       

     I want to go to Brighton on Saturday and

     I want to arrive about midday.

B: About midday? There´s a slow train that

________at  10.00. It gets in at 11.45.

3. Put the words in the correct order:

         travels    about    Earth    107,000    km    an    The    at    hour

                                                       

                                              

4. Does this suggest a temporary of a permanent address?

THE AUTHOR

Josceline lives in London with her husband, journalist and broadcaster David Dimbleby, and their three children.

5. a) Who is speaking?

    b) Who is he/she speaking to?           

    c) Why is he/she speaking?

…Manchester City once more. Baker plays it up the line for Tolmey. Tolmey fires a shot but it´s deflected. Keagan tries to pass it out to Beardsley but doesn´t succeed… 

6. THE GUARDIAN

a) What is The Guardian?

Australia mourns
AUSTRALIA is holding a weekend of national mourning for the 70 victims of the bush fires. An appeal has been launched for 8,000 others left homeless. Page 6.

b) What verb forms are these?
c) They refer to the same event. Why are two different forms used?

Two boys die on mountain
By a Staff Reporter

Two boys believed to be from London died and seven others were injured in the Snowdonia mountain range yesterday. The boys were roped together when one fell while on Craig-Yr-Ysfa.

North Wales police said that night the boys were too confused to give full details of the accident or from where they came. One boy walked five miles.

b) What verb forms are these?
c) They refer to the same event. Why are two different forms used?

8. a) Dave: Peter tells me you start your holidays on Saturday.
       John: That´s right. We´re going to Venice for a week.

Does the verb tells refer to
i)the time Dave is speaking?
ii) the recent past?
iii)the distant past?

b) Is the trip already booked? ________________

9. Rosemary: Don´t forget to send me a postcard

when you get there.

Andrew: No, of course not. I´ll send you a card of the Eiffel Tower

as soon as I arrive.

Does this refer to the present or to the future?

10. Penny: John, have you heard the one about the swimming  pool?
John: No.
Penny: Well, there´s this man in a swimming pool and he
goes to the top of the diving board and he´s just
about to dive off when an attendant comes rushing
along and says, ´There´s no water in the pool.´´
That´s alright,´says the man. ´I can´t swim any-
way!´

a) What does ´the one´refer to?
b) Are there any past tenses in the story? If so, what are they? If not, why not?

11. a) Which review is
(i) of a film?
(ii) of a TV documentary?

b) Which verb forms are used in each review and why?

TV GUIDE

8.30pm 

NEW 

Legwork
MARGARET COLIN


First in a new thriller series introducing beautiful private eye Claire McGarron, who runs her New York business with a little help from her police lieutenant brother. In this opening episode Claire becomes involved in murder and drugs smuggling when a client is killed as he is about to pay her the money he owes her.


Claire McGarron
Margaret Colin
Terrance Considine
Timothy Carhart
Haddix Bowman
Peter Crombie


2.30pm
All Our
Yesterdays

Bernard Braden 


In 1963 Sir Winston Churchill became an honorary citizen of the United States and his son, Randolph, started a massive biography of his father that was not completed until 1988. On television, politicians were shocked by the satire of That Was The Week That was. With film from the archives of Pathe Newsreel, ITN, BBC and Granada Television.

FILM RESEARCH
GRAHMA MURRAY
RESEARCH WALLEN MATTHIE
DIRECTOR MIKE BECKER
PRODUCER MIKE MURPHY

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

MEANING AND USE

COMPARE:

Susan and Carl live in Newark.
Susan and Carl are living in Newark. 

Weeds grow like wildfire.
Weeds are growing like wildfires (in my garden)

1. He is attending a meeting now Activity in progress.

2. I´m studying geology at the University of Colorado. Extended present.

3. Phyllis is living with her parents. A temporary situation.

4. Henry is kicking the soccer ball around the backyard. Repetition in a series of similar ongoing actions.

5. She´s coming tomorrow. Expresses future (when event is planned; usually with a future-time adverbial).

6. He´s always delivering in a clutch situation (approving). He´s forever acting up at these affairs (disapproving). Emotional comment on present habit (usually co- occurring with frequency adverbials always and usually).

7. She´s becoming more and more like her mother. A change in progress.

PRESENT SIMPLE/PRESENT CONTINUOUS

1.     A student arrived in Britain to study for a degree. He was asked to write a journal of his experiences, in English, by his English tutor. Which of the following comes from his journal?

(i)           It takes time for me to get used to British English.

(ii)          It´s taking time for me to get used to British English.

2.    This speaker is talking about the Health Service. Choose between present simple and present continuous for each verb.

(a)  People (live) longer; and treatment (get) more expensive.

(b) It (cost) thousands of pounds to give people heart surgery.

(c)  More and more people (buy) private health insurance, because, if you (suffer), you can´t wait even a short time.

3.    Choose the correct verb form to complete the gaps.

(a)  If you don´t have too much to do (think) that Christmas can be quite magical. You know, especially if you (spend) it with children.

(b) If you (earn) a hundred pound and your basic rate of tax is twenty three per cent and they put it up to twenty five you (still) (pay) two pence. The only thing is that the more you (earn) in the long run you´ll pay a bigger slice because you´re earning more. But you afford to pay more.

(c)  Mary:         Sometimes I think, `Oh my goodness´ when I talk to some

                   of these other divisional managers they seem to know every

                single thing that (go) on in their divisions.´

Marianne:  Yeah.

Mary:       Er and when I (feel) particularly vulnerable it makes me (feel)

               uneasy.

Marianne:  Yeah.